Avaliação socioambiental dos impactos do descarte inadequado de resíduos do serviço de saúde

Abstract

Improper disposal of healthcare waste, especially pharmaceuticals and chemical substances, constitutes a significant environmental and public health problem, contributing to the contamination of soils, water resources, and human exposure to toxic compounds. In this context, this study aimed to analyze the socio-environmental impacts of such disposal practices in the Itaqui-Bacanga region, in São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.The study integrated a literature review, experimental soil analysis using gas chromatography, and field research conducted with the local population. Environmental analysis revealed the presence of anthropogenic organic compounds, such as phthalates, hydrocarbons, and phenols, associated with plastic waste, solvents, and hospital materials, indicating significant environmental contamination, in addition to the occurrence of burnings that enhance pollutant dispersion.From a socio-environmental perspective, the results indicated a predominance of inadequate disposal practices, such as disposal in household waste and sewage systems, associated with lack of information and absence of collection points. Household storage of medications, partial knowledge about associated risks, and the occurrence of diseases such as dengue and chikungunya were also observed, along with limited awareness of reverse logistics, despite the high willingness of residents to receive information.It is concluded that improper disposal is associated with both structural and behavioral factors, contributing to environmental degradation and public health risks. These findings highlight the need to strengthen waste management policies, expand reverse logistics systems, and implement continuous environmental education actions. The study aligns with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being), SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation), and SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), contributing to the promotion of sustainability and environmental health.