A inércia virtual como restrição operacional no despacho ótimo: uma abordagem com valoração implícita

Abstract

The increasing penetration of converter-based energy resources—such as photovoltaic systems, wind farms, and energy storage systems—has significantly reduced the electromechanical inertia of electric power systems, compromising frequency stability and imposing new challenges on real-time operation. In this context, virtual inertia emerges as a technological alternative capable of emulating the inertial behavior of synchronous machines through control strategies implemented in power converters. This dissertation proposes an approach for the implicit economic valuation of virtual inertia by incorporating it as an operational constraint within an optimal power dispatch problem. The economic value of this resource is derived from the shadow price associated with the inertia constraint, allowing for the quantification of its marginal benefit to system operation. The methodology is implemented in a computational environment and validated through case studies using the IEEE 14-bus test system. The results demonstrate that the proposed approach enables a consistent estimation of the economic value of virtual inertia, contributing to the integration of frequency stability, operational optimization, and economic analysis in power systems with high penetration of converter-based resources.