Comparação da antropometria, composição corporal, perfil genético e consumo alimentar, por sexo, em idosos quilombolas

Abstract

Objective: To relate body composition, genetic profile of FTO rs9939609 and PPAR rs1801282 Gamma polymorphisms and food consumption by sex in elderly quilombolas. Materials and Methods: This is an observational, cross-sectional study, carried out between 2018 and 2020, originating from the Project “Population Survey on the Living and Health Conditions of Elderly Quilombolas in a City in Baixada Maranhense”. The sample consisted of elderly people, of quilombola ethnicity, of both sexes. The anthropometric profile was analyzed, considering Weight; Height; Arm Circumference (AC), Waist Circumference (WC); Hip Circumference (HC) and Calf Circumference (NC), Waist-to-Hip Ratio (WHR), evaluation of FTO rs9939609 and PPARG rs1801282 polymorphisms and to measure food consumption, the Food Frequency Questionnaire adapted from the Surveillance of Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey was applied. Results: The present study was carried out with the participation of 235 elderly quilombolas, with a mean age of 71 ± 9 years, ranging from 60 to 104 years, with 44.0% of the population significantly higher than 56.0% women (p = 0.041). Women had lower body weight (57±10 kg, p=0.001), higher BMI (25.3±4.2 kg/m², p=0.004), higher HC (97±8 cm, p<0.001), FM percentage (28±15%, p<0.001) and lower lean mass (22.8±3.3 kg, p<0.001), 50.0% had ideal BMI (p = 0.042), higher percentage of very high cardiovascular risk (53.0%, p<0.001) from WHR, greater muscle loss (93.0%, p=0.027) and low lean mass (73.0%, p<0.001) compared to men. The genetic profile revealed a lower frequency of A (26%) of the FTO gene polymorphism, which confers an association with risk for obesity and diabetes, and a higher frequency of the C allele in the PPAR-GAMMA polymorphism, which confers a higher risk of diabetes. However, the sample did not show a genotypic association with NCDs. There was a higher frequency of beans, fish, flour, and soft drinks or artificial juices, and the consumption of fatty red meat was significantly more reported by men (26.0%, p <0.001). Conclusion: This study observed significant differences between genders regarding body weight, BMI, HC, MM, and also in relation to the classification of NC, WC, and WHR. The genetic profile showed a higher incidence of the protective allele for FTO, which is consistent with the parameters evaluated, and a higher incidence of the C allele, which is associated with a higher incidence of diabetes and metabolic syndrome, which is not in accordance with the parameters evaluated. The dietary pattern observed in the elderly quilombola population evaluated reflects a combination of traditional practices and dietary habits that present potential health risks.