ÓLEO ESSENCIAL DOS BOTÕES FLORAIS DO CRAVO-DA-ÍNDIA (Syzygium aromaticum): EXTRAÇÃO, CARACTERIZAÇÃO E ATIVIDADE LARVICIDA FRENTE AO Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762)

Abstract

In this work, from the extraction and analytical study about the essential oil of the flower buds of Syzygium aromaticum species, was analyzed the larvicide effect of the oil against larvae on the third stage of the mosquito Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762). The essential oil was extracted, quantitatively, by hydrodistillation. The physical-chemistry properties of the essential oil were determined (Density, refractive index, solubility, color and appearance). The oil was characterized, chemically, quantifying its components and identifying its major component by gas chromatography coupled to the mass spectrometry. In this research was calculated the oil CL50 and its eugenol standard, besides the confidence limit to 95% of probability, using the methods of Reed-Muench (1938) e Pizzi (1950), respectively. The oil yield was 3,54% m/m and 3,63 v/m. Through the method used was possible identify and quantify the components: Eugenol (52,53%), caryophyllene (37,25%), humulene (4,11%), eugenila acetate (4,05%) and copaene (2,05%), eugenol is the major oil s component. The oil exhibited larvicidal activity being totally lethal at concentration of 120 µg.mL-1. The essential oil obtained CL50 of 63,36 (±2,12) µg.mL-1 and an Eugenol standard 79,39 (±2,10) µg mL-1. The promising results point to need of more researches with the oil to its subsequent utilization in the combat of Aedes aegypti larvae.