DESENVOLVIMENTO DE MÉTODOS EMPREGANDO SPME-GC/MS E BIOSSENSORES AMPEROMÉTRICOS PARA ANÁLISE DO INSETICIDA PARATION METÍLICO EM AMOSTRAS DE ARROZ IN NATURA

Abstract

Organophosphate insecticides, especially those based on the active ingredient methyl parathion, have been extensively used in crop protection of rice in the State of Maranhão. In this work, an optimized chromatographic method for determination of the methyl parathion insecticide by using solid phase microextraction in a confined environment (headspace) followed by analysis employing gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection (HS-SPME-GC/MS). Electroanalytical methods using amperometric biosensors were also developed and used to analyze the composite samples of fresh rice. The optimized method using SPME resulted in satisfactory results for sensitivity (limit of detection: 0.026 mg/L-1), precision (coefficients of variation between 6.1 and 22.4%, 8.8% and 32.5 and 19.7 and 24.6%, for milled rice samples, rice with shells and full rice, respectively) and accuracy (recoveries ranging from 73.2 to 90% for milled rice samples, from 88.7 to 89.5%, for paddy rice samples and from 59.5 to 60.6% for full rice samples). In the case of biosensors, these have been built based on acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE), commercially obtained or genetically modified, having the sensors prepared with carbon paste modified with TCNQ (tetracyanoquinodimethane) mediator. Better sensitivities were observed with sensors based on AChE enzymes extracted from Drosophila melanogaster. Detection limits of 10.0, 0.05 and 0.001 μg.L-1 were found for the sensors based on AChE (ee), AChE (eb) and mutant enzymes (AChE (Dros) B08 e B12), respectively. The efficiency of the detection method of the methyl parathion insecticide in rice samples without any previous treatment was evidenced by an average recovery of 103.9%, 101%, 102.3% and 105.6%, for the sensors prepared with AChE (ee), AChE (eb), AChE (Dros) B08 and B12 enzymes, respectively. In general, the chromatographic technique used was practical and efficient for direct detection of insecticide residues in rice samples in a wider range of concentration (0.1 a 1 mg.Kg-1). Since the biosensor was more sensitive and effective in smaller amounts (0.0005 a 0.01 mg.Kg-1) of such insecticide in rice, considering the additional advantage of speed and decreasing cost of the analytical technology.