Avaliação da qualidade de solos e águas subterrâneas no Estado do Maranhão, em relação a alguns parâmetros físico-químicos e também à presença de pesticidas organofosforados

Abstract

The quality control of soil and groundwater has become an increasing need because human activities have led to contamination of ecosystems and affected human health. Agriculture, for instance, has left ecosystems waste organophosphate insecticides (OFs), highly toxic. In order to make an analysis of the impacts of these compounds in agricultural areas, it is required to have reference values taken in undisturbed areas, presenting the same type of soil and groundwater. In this regard, the ideal is that these compounds are not present in these ecosystems. In this paper, an electrochemical biosensor based on the acetylcholinesterase enzyme, immobilized by crosslinking with glutaraldehyde in the presence of estuarine macroalgae, was used to analyze levels of OFs pesticides in soil and groundwater samples collected in areas without human interference, throughout the state of Maranhão, Brazil. Biosensors applied presented, after optimization, sensitivity with detection limit between 0,054 and 1,44 μg/L, reproducibility with variation coefficient, CVs, internal measure between 8.3 and 9% and stability, showing minor variation in responses after being stored for 3 months), which made them suitable to be used in the organophosphates monitoring in the environmental matrices. Were also analyzed some physico-chemical parameters of quality of waters and soils, it has been verified that these are within the standards of the Brazilian legislation. The monitoring of the presence of levels, using the biosensor described herein, enabled to discard contamination hypothesis by these pollutants, nevertheless it is known that such compounds can have high mobility in environmental compartments.