DIREITO À SAÚDE, DIREITO À IGUALDADE E UNIVERSALIDADE: uma análise de concepções de saúde e da atuação de organismos internacionais nas políticas públicas sanitárias para a Região das Américas

Abstract

This thesis analyzes the concepts of health in modernity, from the new arrangement of institutions and international organizations that emerged in the twentieth century, and has the scope of the guidelines for health policies in the world, particularly those forgotten for the Americas. Health priorities in the Americas are not determined from these indicators in the global burden of disease, but the result of determinations run by certain international organizations in line with economic conditions dictated by elections, political and economic climate, enabling the consolidation and expansion of global guidelines, response to the convergence of interests of the developed and the bodies of the actors and rationales based on the UN system. Governments in developed countries, engage in less productive system, although, excessive work practice standards, supported by strong technical apparatus, and bureaucratic expertise in national and international level to regulate, oversee and regulate certain sectors of the State . The international regulatory systems are gradually being established in all economic and social areas. In health, the quality measures and minimum standards of security are constantly evaluated and required this time, are increasingly defined in international bodies, in order that they are above all states. You can not analyze the politics of a region or a country without understanding the nature of the ties between these states and international organizations, as well as changes that occur in such bonds. By affecting the political interests of different actors, the interference of international agencies produce changes in the coalitions, the policies and domestic institutions. Political actorsrespond to both the limits and restrictions as to the incentives inherent in national institutions. The results of the effects of political interference process international are not only visible in the economic perspective of the states, the trials, the maneuvers, institutional processes, and other exogenous factors determine the type and priorities of social policies in countries, particularly in developing States. Based on the norms of international law, the Millennium Development Goals in the Health Agenda for the Americas 2008-2017, the sanitary regulations of WHO and PAHO, the normalization of the United Nations and its institutions of economic cooperation (FAO, IMF and IBRD) aims to understand the context of multiple formations health priorities for the Americas region, discussing their access and their impact. It analyzes the fundamentals developed in time for the formulation of different conceptions of the right to health, highlighting the concept and content of law as well as analyzes the contemporary theories of justice used as determinants for the realization of the right to health. Covers are also the basic needs and equality of opportunity to wire the issue of right to health, demonstrating that the realization of the right to health denotes a need for equal opportunities and respect for the essential autonomy of individuals. In this perspective, on the other hand, has become crucial to analyze the ideas of mercantilism and the right to health, discussing the universality of this right as a criterion for inclusion, while considering the specific facts of social inequality and lack of resources. Finally, it develops analysis of health policies in the Americas region from international organizations, comparing the different conceptions of the right to health taken by different international agencies as well as addresses the persistence of inequalities in health, characterized as unjust and avoidable, the populations of the Americas, a theme that is the most important challenge for the subjects (public and private) national and international region.