VIOLÊNCIA CONTRA GESTANTES: taxas, tipos, perpetradores e fatores associados, em São Luís, no ano de 2010

Abstract

Rates, types, perpetrators and factors associated to violence against pregnant women users of the pre-natal services of São Luís City (Maranhão/Brazil), in the year of 2010. This Thesis is an analysis of the violence against pregnant women. The expression violence against women condensates complex social phenomena, dynamic, contradictory e and historically determined. It represents, ordinarily, different forms of power to which the female gender is and was submitted in distinct societies. It is a situation lived by women of different race/ethnic, age, educational levels and socioeconomic conditions. It echoes in the family life and in the society. It has in the main feminist movements the principal subject in the strugle for implementation of Public Policies to face it. It is a notorious fact that women omit the violence suffered against them by their intimate partners. One of its manifestations is the violence against pregnant women. This Transversal Study using a convenience sample, analyzed the rates of violence practiced against pregnant women users of pre-natal services on São Luís City, in the year of 2010 and the factors associated to psychological violence and physical-sexual abuses. It was applied the questionnaire with 971 pregnant women, between the 22nd and 25th gestational weeks. It was described demographic, socioeconomic and behavioral characteristics of the interviewed subjects. It was also presented aspects of the intimate partners and householder´s life. It was found 50,26%, 49,23%, 12,87%, 2,68% and 14,01% rates, for general violence and psychological, physic, sexual and the physic-sexual types, respectively. Current intimate partner is the subject that most practices psychological and physical-sexual violence. The Poisson Regression recognized as associated factors to the psychological violence: pregnant adolescent (p-value 0,010; RP 1,27; 95% CI 1,03;1,58); pregnant young (p-value 0,010; RP 1,23; 95% CI 1,06;1,44); divorced/separated pregnant (p-value 0,003; RP 1,52; 95% CI 1,15;2,01); with occupation of manager/ superior level functions (p-value 0,038; RP 1,70; 95% CI 1,18;2,45); with inadequate social support affective/interactive (p-value <0,001; RP 1,72; 95% CI 1,40;2,12); that alcohol abuse was often (p-value < 0,001 RP 1,53; 95% CI 1,23;1,89); and who belonged to the family householder autonomous/employer (p-value 0,020; RP 1,19; 95% CI 1,03;1,37). When physical-sexual violence was the outcome, the factors associated were young pregnant woman (p-value < 0,001; RP 1,90; 95% CI 1,31;2,74); family income below the nacional minimum wage (p-value < 0,001; RP 1,76; 95% CI 1,16;2,67); with inadequate social support affective/interactive (p-value 0,033; RP 1,91; 95% CI 1,05;3,47) and who belonged to the family householder (except pregnant women and intimate partner) (p-value 0,042; RP 1,60; 95% CI 1,09;2,36) and autonomous/employer (p-value <0,001; RP 1,79; 95% CI 1,29;2,49). The violence was a common phenomenon on the gestational period, so it is necessary a vigilance at the pre-natal consultation.