A educação para a cidadania e a consciência do proletariado na globalização: as experiências brasileira e portuguesa na passagem do fordismo ao pós-fordismo

Abstract

In the context of the great social and historical transformation that marks the passage of globalized capitalism from Fordism to post-Fordism, this thesis analyzes the Brazilian and Portuguese experiences of Education for Global Citizenship, recommended by UNESCO, as a strategic regulation of the globalized State that operates both in the integration of the proletariat into the processes of economic exploitation, political domination and social humiliation, in damming its possibilities for emancipatory rupture. Initially, it is demonstrated that Education for Global Citizenship emerges from the intensification of relations between the global state mode and the global capitalist mode of production, configuring itself as an expression of globalized imperialism marked by the weakening of national sovereignty and disrespect for proletarian autonomy. In this sense, it is clear that educational policies in Brazil and Portugal are now guided by international guidelines, contributing to the reconfiguration of education systems according to the demands of global capital, but in a relative, contradictory and mediated way. Next, the role of globalized education in the formation of proletarian consciousness within the transformations of the capitalist accumulation regime is analyzed. In Fordism, education was associated with full employment, while in post-Fordism it starts to operate under the logic of employability, flexibility and individual responsibility. In this context, it seeks to promote worker adaptation to market demands, amid contradictions of exploitation, domination, humiliation and resistance, configuring itself as a moment of expansion of the proletariat as a relative overpopulation and intensifying tensions that drive collective organization. Finally, it is demonstrated that, despite global disciplining, the formation of proletarian consciousness constitutes a form of resistance to globalized capitalism. Class consciousness emerges in a contradictory way, mediated by objective and subjective conditions, enabling the development of possible consciousness. In this process, the proletariat tends to organize itself through unions, parties and social movements, projecting the overcoming of relations of exploitation, domination and humiliation. It is concluded that Education for Global Citizenship must be understood as a mediation of contradictions that, at the same time as it reproduces the logic of capital, creates conditions for its contestation, articulating the globalization of education with the class struggle.