Análise hierarquizada dos fatores associados à enterocolite necrosante em recém-nascidos de baixo peso

Abstract

The Necrotizing enterocolitis (ECN) is a severe gastrointestinal illness caused by multiple factors and is among the leading causes of neonatal mortality in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the Environment (NICU). The incidence of NEC is inversely proportional to gestational age and birth weight, reaching 12% of children weighing less than 1500g and triggering death in 30% of casos.Tem up to analyze the occurrence of ECN and associated factors its development in newborns (NB) with low weight. It is an epidemiological case-control study, conducted from March 1, 2014 to June 30, 2015, in two NICUs in Sao Luis, MA. The sample size was calculated considering a case to three controls (1:3), establishing confidence level of 95% and power of 80% study, sufficient to detect an OR = 2.5, making 236 newborns (RN) underweight, and 59 infants with NEC diagnoses (case group) and 177 infants without NEC (control group). In analyzing the data maternal variables (gestational period and the type of delivery) and newborn (birth and hospitalization) were organized in six blocks, arranged in a hierarchical structure, and analyzed in STATA 11.0 program. The differences between means were assessed by Student's t-test, whereas the differences between the medians by Man Whitney test. It was considered as the dependent variable, the ECN, and as independent, maternal and neonatal variables. Univariate analysis was performed between independent variables of two groups: case and control, estimated the OR values, with reference category OR = 1, built the confidence intervals of 95% and certain values of p. In the hierarchical analysis was carried out by the group of variables in levels according to influence the outcome. Of the 59 cases of NEC, 61.02% were female, with a median of 45 days hospital stay; and 177 controls without ECN, 54.55% were male, with a median hospital stay of 19.5 days. As for the clinical outcome of cases of NEC, 40.68% progressed to death. At the end of hierarchical analysis remained statistically significant association, the use of antenatal corticosteroids (OR = 2.90; p <0.001), reduced amniotic fluid (OR = 2.03;p<0.001), resuscitation at birth (OR = 1, 35, p = 0.010), birth weight ≤1500g (OR = 3.32, p <0.001), transfusions (OR = 2.11, p = 0.040) and the use of surfactant (OR = 2.41, p = 0.020). It concludes that maternal aspects related to pregnancy and neonatal concerning the birth and hospitalization may be influencing the appearance of NEC.