O financiamento da educação via recursos do PDDE no município de Imperatriz/MA (2017-2024)

Abstract

The present dissertation focuses on the theme: The Financing of Education Through PDDE Resources in the Municipality of Imperatriz/MA (2017-2024). The study is justified by the need for an efficient application of public funds to meet public demands, particularly in addressing educational challenges within the city of Imperatriz/MA. It seeks to answer the following question: How were the management and application of PDDE resources conducted in the municipality of Imperatriz/MA between 2017 and 2024? The research presents the following objectives: to analyze the management and application of FNDE resources in the municipality of Imperatriz/MA during the period of 2014 to 2024; to develop a theoretical and historical framework on the financing of education in Brazil, with an emphasis on FNDE; to map the distribution of FNDE resources through the PDDE (Direct Money to Schools Program) between 2017 and 2024 in the studied municipality; and to analyze how the educational policies implemented in the municipality of Imperatriz/MA from 2017 to 2024 reflected in the effective application of FNDE resources and their impacts on the quality of local education. The theoretical framework is grounded in authors who address this topic comprehensively, such as Rosangela Evangelista Cruz, Antônio Alves Ferreira, and Rosana Maia Oliveira Gemaque, among others. Regarding the methodological basis, this research adopts a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative and qualitative analysis. Initially, the analytical indicators were established based on quantitative data, followed by an evaluation of qualitative data. Furthermore, extensive documentary research was carried out to identify not only the financial resources allocated to education through PDDE but also to compare these investments with IDEB performance indicators in five analyzed schools. This analysis sought to identify potential variables linking the invested resources to improvements or stagnation in IDEB indices, as well as permanence, failure, and approval rates. The PDDE stands out as an essential policy for financial decentralization and the improvement of educational conditions in Brazil. In the municipality of Imperatriz/MA, between 2017 and 2024, the program significantly contributed to meeting local demands, strengthening school autonomy, and supporting pedagogical and inclusive projects. Key achievements, such as the reduction in school dropout rates and the growth of IDEB indices in the early years of elementary education, demonstrate the program's positive impact. However, challenges remain in the final years of elementary education, requiring more integrated and targeted policies. The best results were associated with continuous and diversified investments in equity and quality programs, such as Tempo de Aprender and Educação Conectada. The experience in Imperatriz highlights that the effectiveness of PDDE depends on efficient management, stable funding transfers, and its integration with other educational policies. Thus, the program is an indispensable tool for building a more inclusive and resilient educational system in Brazil.