Análise dos riscos e dos acidentes marinhos em embarcações pesqueiras pertencentes às comunidades no entorno ao complexo portuário do Itaqui, São Luís - MA

Abstract

This dissertation aims to analyze the risks and maritime accidents involving artisanal fishing vessels in the communities around the Itaqui Port Complex in São Luís, Maranhão. The research seeks to understand the working conditions of fishermen, the challenges posed by the precariousness of vessels and the lack of adequate regulation, and to propose measures to mitigate risks and promote safety in fishing activities. The work is divided into two main chapters. The first chapter presents a systematic literature review on maritime accidents, focusing on fishing vessels, using databases such as Google Scholar, SciELO, and Scopus. The review addresses topics such as safety culture, accident prevention, and the challenges faced by artisanal fishermen, highlighting the importance of maritime regulation and the implementation of public policies for occupational safety. Thirty articles published between 2007 and 2024 were selected, which demonstrate the need for preventive measures and training to reduce the occurrence of accidents. The second chapter focuses on the practical analysis of risks and accidents in the fishing communities around the Itaqui Port Complex. The methodology included field visits, application of questionnaires, and the use of the Design Science Research (DSR) method to identify and propose solutions to the identified problems. The main vessels used (canoes, bianas, and boats) were analyzed, along with the risks associated with each and the socioeconomic and environmental impacts of maritime accidents. The research also developed risk maps using AutoCAD software, which allowed the visualization of the main points of vulnerability in the vessels. The results indicate that bianas are the vessels with the highest incidence of accidents, followed by canoes and boats. The lack of formal safety training and inadequate maintenance of vessels were identified as critical factors that increase the vulnerability of fishermen. In addition, the research highlighted the need for public policies that promote the training of fishermen, the improvement of vessel conditions, and the implementation of accessible safety technologies. The dissertation concludes that safety in artisanal fishing is a complex challenge that requires the integration of traditional knowledge, effective regulation, and investments in infrastructure and technology. The research contributes to the understanding of the risks faced by fishing communities and provides subsidies for the development of public policies that promote the sustainability of fishing activities and environmental protection.