Diversidade de flebotomíneos e epidemiologia das leishmanioses no nordeste do Maranhão, Brasil, no período de 2010-2019

Abstract

Leishmaniasis is a zoonosis that affects some species of animals and also humans, being considered a serious public health problem. The study aimed to evaluate the epidemiological aspects of both cutaneous leishmaniasis (LT) and visceral leishmaniasis (LV) and the diversity of sandflies between the years 2010 to 2019 in the municipality of Chapadinha - MA. For this, data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) were used from January 2010 to December 2019, and the sand flies were compiled in the files of the entomology laboratories of the Federal University of Maranhão, in Chapadinha and São Luís. 367 cases of LT and 151 cases of LV were reported, with the highest frequency of notifications in males (LT: 61.85% and LV: 64.90%) and in the urban area (LT: 55.04% and LV : 74.17%). Regarding occupation, in LT the most affected patients were in the occupation of farmers (56.7%), followed by retirees (16.35%), while in LV the disease prevailed in the occupation of students (21.85%). , followed by farmers (20.53%). In relation to age groups, the LT results showed a higher percentage in the most productive ages, predominantly in the age group of 30 - 39 years (18.80%), followed by 50-59 years (14.99%) and 20-29 years (13.62%), while in VL the results showed a higher percentage in children aged 1 to 5 years (35.1%) and 6 to 10 years (15.23%) and in productive ages between 20 and 29 years (14.57%). In the study municipality, 36 sand fly species were reported, including Lutzomyia longipalpis, the vector of LV, and Nyssomyia whitmani, Ny. flaviscutellata, Ny. antunesi, Ny. umbratilis and Psychodopygus wellcomei, LT vectors, distributed in wild, rural and urban areas. Thus, leishmaniasis still constitutes a serious public health problem, affecting people without distinction. The data presented in this work provide basic subsidies on leishmaniasis that can be used by the epidemiological and entomological surveillance services of the secretary of health to direct effective measures to control these important diseases.