A gestão de projeto do Minha Casa, Minha Vida em São Luís - MA e os processos participativos: um enfoque na habitabilidade

Abstract

The state-of-the-art emphasizes that the housing policies in Brazil have been efficient against the housing deficit. However, the qualitative items – the habitability aspects of the units delivered to the communities – have been a subject of debate, which configures a new problem extensively studied within its usage and occupation in the field of ergonomics. Furthermore, a handful of evaluations only address the built environment, not approaching the housing management process as an object of study, which, in theory, should encompass popular participation in the housing development. This, in turn, corroborates the importance of the present research by providing the endogenous agents (communities) and the exogenous agents (“outside” organizations) with the necessary sharing of knowledge for the resolution of habitability issues, the good dwelling, and, therefore, the better exercise of citizenship of the inhabitants. Therefore, the present research aims to employ participatory design methods – such as Design Game, Case Study, field studies, and interviews with managers and inhabitants – within the scope of the housing management process of Minha Casa, Minha Vida housing units in the city of São Luís, MA. From the data collected, it was concluded that a new briefing step with the recipients is essential for the preservation of their modus operandi. As for the physical/spatial area, the satisfaction overview for the exercise of domestic activities is quite varied, since the family compositions are varied as well. In short, it was noted that many interviewees feel unsafe regarding the original configuration of the units, located in neighborhoods far away from urban centers, lacking services of education, healthcare, and leisure. At that, an artifact, a compilation of recommendations, was created – considering not only the private space, but also the surroundings – through the appropriation of the first three steps of the Design Science Research methodology – 1. Identification of the problem and motivation, 2. Definition of the objectives of a solution and 3. Design development –directed to the parties involved from the five different housing complexes here studied. The artifact itself will be able to help the managers, in future projects, meet the demands of the communities, causing minimal alterations in the ways of life, facilitating the adaptation to the move, and generating greater satisfaction amongst the inhabitants.