POTENCIAL ENERGÉTICO E CRÉDITOS DE CARBONO DOS RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS URBANOS (RSU) E SUA APLICAÇÃO EM SISTEMAS DE LOGÍSTICA REVERSA EM SÃO LUÍS- MA

Abstract

The central problem of this dissertation is associated with the need to transform Urban Solid Waste (MSW), often destined for landfills, into sustainable energy resources, contributing to climate mitigation. Therefore, the study's main objective is to evaluate the energy potential and Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions of MSW located in Ecopoints in the city of São Luís- MA, based on the elementary chemical composition, considering its applicability in reverse logistics systems, through the conversion of carbon credits. The methodology adopted was exploratory and descriptive in nature, with a mixed approach (qualitative and quantitative), and was based on documentary analysis of data provided by the City of São Luís, which took place from January 2022 to February 2024.The research was structured in four stages: a survey of the waste received at Ecopontos; analysis of the chemical composition of promising materials; estimation of calorific value; and calculation of CO₂ and CH₄ emissions based on mathematical models and scientific literature. The results indicate that in 26 months, more than 80,000 tons of waste were received at the 25 active Ecopoints, with materials such as plastic, paper, wood and pruning waste standing out. It is estimated that these 4 types of waste generated 66.42 tons of CO₂ and 3.55 tons of CH₄. In addition, the chemical composition of the materials analyzed revealed high energy potential, with the possibility of generating carbon credits. The conclusion is that the energy recovery of MSW, combined with reverse logistics policies and carbon market incentives, represents a strategic opportunity for municipalities like São Luís to promote environmental sustainability, socio-economic inclusion and technological innovation in MSW management.