A otimização e controle dos fatores reguladores do processo de compostagem, para potencialização da reciclagem de resíduos orgânicos

Abstract

The biological processes of composting allow the control and recycling of organic matter, transforming it into reusable material. The thesis seeks to determine the levels of fibrous and organic material to assemble composting windrows, replacing the traditional biocatalyst (animal feces) with organic sludge, creating an alternative quality compost. Additionally, it tests alternative fibrous sources and the impact of water saturation on the quality of compounds, monitoring temperature and humidity with Arduino Uno R3. In Experiment I, 10 treatments were carried out: five with animal feces and five with organic sludge as biocatalysts, varying the fibrous composition from 70% to 0%. In Experiments II and III, the windrows contained 50% fibrous material and 50% organic material. In Experiment II, treatments T1 to T6 used sugarcane bagasse, leaves and grass, with a water potential of 70%, while T7 to T12 replicated the previous treatments, but with water saturation. In Experiment III, the windrows were composed of babassu bark, babassu fiber and broken babassu, with horse feces as a biocatalyst. In all experiments, we analyzed the chemical and physical parameters of the compounds formed. In Experiment I, all treatments had a pH between 7.01 and an OM content of up to 10.8%, classifying them as weak acidity soils. Despite the variation in biocatalysts and fiber content, the physical-chemical interactions analyzed surpassed literature references, demonstrating high quality in the compounds produced. In Experiment II, the variation in fiber increased the availability of nutrients, highlighting sugarcane bagasse as a viable alternative. In Experiment III, chemical analyzes showed satisfactory levels of available organic matter. Therefore, the optimization of the mixture of organic waste and fibrous materials, combined with the use of alternative biocatalysts, improved the quality and efficiency in the production of organic fertilizers.