O grotesco no Bumba Meu Boi: uma análise estética do Cazumba

Abstract

This study investigates the presence of elements of grotesque aesthetics in the figure of the Cazumba, a character featured in the performances of the Boi da Floresta in São Luís, Maranhão. The research aims to identify and analyze the constitutive elements of this character, considering its liminal nature, which navigates symbolic boundaries such as the human and the animal, the sacred and the profane. The study explores the visual, performative, and symbolic dimensions that shape the Cazumba, drawing on the theoretical contributions of Bakhtin (2010), Kayser (1957), Paiva and Sodré (2002), and Calabrese (1999). The relevance of this study lies in its emphasis on the Bumba meu boi as a cultural manifestation and intangible heritage, highlighting the grotesque as a potent aesthetic and cultural category. The research adopts a qualitative approach, which is particularly suitable for investigating the subjective and symbolic aspects of the grotesque in the Cazumba, enabling an in-depth analysis of the aesthetic and cultural meanings embedded in the performances of the Boi da Floresta. Data collection includes direct observations of the group’s performances in São Luís, Maranhão, audiovisual recordings, and interactions with performers to capture their perspectives and experiences. Additionally, semi-structured interviews with specific Cazumba performers are deepen the understanding of the character and its aesthetic construction. To date, empirical data have been cataloged, described, and analyzed in dialogue with a theoretical review of grotesque aesthetics. This review provides the conceptual framework necessary to interpret the grotesque manifestations observed in the Cazumba's performances. Results demonstrate how the character embodies grotesque traits through its costumes, movements, and symbolism, challenging traditional categories and promoting an aesthetic of transgression and reinvention. The research contributes to a broader understanding of grotesque aesthetics in the context of popular cultural manifestations, offering new perspectives on the cultural and symbolic impact of the Bumba meu boi.