O movimento estudantil no cenário institucionalizado da UFMA sob a égide do regime civil-militar (1966 a 1979): memórias reveladas.

Abstract

This is a study about the STUDENT MOVEMENT IN THE INSTITUTIONALIZED SCENARIO OF UFMA UNDER THE AEGIS OF THE CIVIL-MILITARY REGIME (1966 to 1979): revealed memories, whose objective is to analyze the political action of the student movement within UFMA under the aegis of the military dictatorship. The investigation has as its initial landmark the year 1966, the period in which UFMA was institutionalized through Law No. 5,152/66. In turn, we adopted as the final landmark for our investigation the year 1979, marked by the resumption of the student movement with the half-fare strike. Its specific objectives are: to analyze the reorganization and performance of student entities with the institutionalization of UFMA; to verify how the Central Student Directory related to the Higher Administration of the institution; Identify the demands and social, political and educational issues raised by the ME, as subjects inserted in a federal higher education system in the temporal dynamics; Distinguish the resistance mechanisms of the student movement in the face of surveillance and the repressive apparatus within the institution. Therefore, to examine the student movement, in the context of the military regime and the history of education, we use the theoretical contribution of the authors Poerner (1979), Sanfelice (1986), Foracchi (1965), Ventura (1988), Fávero (1994), Valle (2008), Martins Filho (1998), Santana (2007), Pellicciotta (1997), Müller (2016), Motta (2014), Germano (2000) and Cunha and Góes (2002). To address our research object, we applied two methodological strategies, namely oral history and documentary research. We conducted 9 semi-structured interviews, using a predefined script as a guide, in order to record the memories of former student activists. From this perspective, the assumptions of Oral History are based on: Thompson (2002), Halbwachs (2006), Pollak (1989), Alberti (2005), Delgado (2006), Amado and Ferreira (2006). The documentary research, on the other hand, has as its source of analysis the documents that were produced and seized by the Delegacia de Ordem Política e Social (DOPS) of the State of Maranhão in the aforementioned time frame of the research. To assist in the reflection on these documentary sources, we took as reference the contributions of Nora (1993), Chartier (2001), Burke (2005), Ricoeur (2007) and Le Goff (2003). The documentation analyzed is located in the Public Archives of the State of Maranhão (APEM) and was organized through the project “Reference Center for Political Struggles in Brazil – Revealed Memories”. The research showed that the main causes of the Student Movement were related to the organization and structuring of the academic directories of UFMA. When analyzing the documents issued by ASI/UFMA and DOPS/MA, we realized that their actions focused mainly on surveillance, monitoring, censorship and political repression, especially within the campus and in the day-to-day activities of the Central Directorate of UFMA, as they saw the student movement as a threat to the established order. We also observed that, at times, the political police, represented by DOPS and ASI/UFMA, were more detailed in monitoring the activities of students, especially in the late 1970s. After this period, records of student events often appear only through newspaper excerpts, such as Jornal Veja Isto, produced by the students of the DCE of UFMA. The relationship between the DCE, the Catholic Church and the participation of women in the Student Movement of UFMA appears in various ways in the sources consulted. Through the interviews and documents analyzed, we realized that the students managed to transform the UFMA DCE into a space for student representation and also for supporting sectors of civil society that opposed the dictatorship in the state. Thus, the importance of this research is highlighted in helping to better understand the history of education in Maranhão. The study will allow us to identify aspects of an important period that marked a change in the scenario of higher education in the region, in addition to showing how the student movement began to act at UFMA in this context.