Realidade virtual imersiva em pacientes em cuidados paliativos oncológicos

Abstract

Introduction: Studies show that spirituality, family and healthcare team support, as well as non-pharmacological therapies such as massage, music therapy, and therapeutic walks are helpful in reducing the impact of cancer on mental burden and physical symptoms. A cancer diagnosis can be accompanied by psychiatric disorders such as anxiety and depression. In this scenario, virtual reality has shown great promise. Objectives: To evaluate whether VRT and VIRT are useful in reducing physical and emotional symptoms in cancer patients admitted to palliative care. Method: This is a regional, randomized, double-blind clinical trial in which cancer patients undergoing palliative care at a referral hospital in the state of Maranhão were selected. Patients were divided into three groups: 1. VRT (5 minutes) (tablet), 2. VIRT (5 minutes), and 3. VIRT (15 minutes) (virtual reality headsets). Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected through interviews conducted by the authors. The sample was screened for depression and anxiety using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and hope was assessed using the Herth Scale. Physical symptoms were assessed using the Edmonton Scale. Associations were assessed using the chi-square test of independence and the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test. Results: The sample consisted of 71 patients, the majority of whom were female (42), from the capital (39), with low levels of education (24 with incomplete elementary education), and with a broad support network. Pain was a prevalent symptom, as were depression, anxiety, and constipation. Despite this, most patients maintained high hope. Thirty-three were allocated to group 1; 25 to group 2; while 13 remained in group 3. Conclusion: During the time points evaluated, a high prevalence of emotional and physical symptoms was observed in cancer patients undergoing palliative care. VRT and VIRT were beneficial in reducing symptoms in these patients, especially nausea and fatigue.