O Revolucionário, o intelectual e o religiosos: aspectos da formação do integralismo no Piauí (1930-1935).

Abstract

This study intends to explore the formation of the nucleus of the Ação Integralista Brasileira in the state of Piauí (AIB-PI), based on three lines of analysis of the discourse emitted by the Piauí Green Shirts: the dispute over the memory of the 1930 Revolution (Revolutionary); the representation of the movement as a beacon of intellectuals (Intellectual); the association with Catholic doctrine (Religious). The materials analyzed were newspapers and documents from the time, with the newspaper A Liberdade, an integralist newspaper from Piauí, being the most important. The methodology we used combines some perspectives from Skinner's linguistic contextualism (2015) and some Bakhtinian concepts (Bakhtin, 2016). From a theoretical point of view, our research intersects with the field of the history of fascism, using Robert Paxton (2023) and João Bernardo (2022) as primary references. We operationalized some concepts such as “political intellectuals” by Antonio Pinto (2021) and the idea of “organic intellectuals” by Antonio Gramsci (1982). We also looked at the concept of “political memory” by Michael Pollak (1989). The analysis of the triad of aspects of the formation of the AIB-PI showed that they were present in the global political structure that shaped fascism, and that reverberated in the political organization in force in Piauí in the 1930s; they were factors used by the integralists in Piauí to guide their discourse and win militants. We point out that Piauí was immersed in the global context of fascism during the inter-war period, adapting and interpreting the fundamental aspects of the movement to the demands of the local reality.