Avaliação do risco cardiovascular em indivíduos hipertensos associado ao estilo de vida

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases represent the leading cause of mortality in Brazil and are strongly associated with hypertension and a sedentary lifestyle. In this context, the present study aimed to analyze cardiovascular risk in hypertensive individuals in relation to their lifestyle. A cross-sectional design was employed, involving 59 hypertensive participants allocated into three groups according to their physical activity level: active (AT), irregularly active (IA), and sedentary (SDT), as classified by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. The analyses included assessment of heart rate variability, biochemical parameters, sleep quality, symptoms of anxiety and depression, cardiovascular risk estimated by the Framingham score, and renal function estimated by the glomerular filtration rate. The main findings indicated that physically active individuals showed greater parasympathetic modulation (p = 0.027), while sedentary individuals exhibited sympathetic predominance (p = 0.022) and a higher LF/HF ratio (p = 0.025), suggesting an imbalance in sympathovagal modulation. A significant correlation was also observed between higher levels of physical activity and lower autonomic imbalance (rs = -0.327; p = 0.011), as well as between cardiac stress index and cardiovascular risk (rs = 0.294; p = 0.023), anxiety levels (rs = 0.258; p = 0.048), and between total cholesterol and renal function (r = -0.260; p = 0.046). Therefore, physically active hypertensive individuals presented more favorable autonomic modulation and, consequently, lower cardiovascular risk.