Jardim filtrante para o tratamento de águas cinzas em comunidade rural

Abstract

Gray water from kitchens, laundries and bathrooms, if discarded untreated into bodies of water, presents risks of contamination due to the presence of substances such as surfactants, oils, greases, organic matter, solid particles and pathogenic organisms, in addition to nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen, which can lead to the proliferation of algae and other organisms, negatively impacting water quality. In this context, the objective of the research was to install a filter garden containing the Heliconia psittacorum plant and evaluate its efficiency as a technological alternative for gray water treatment, in addition to identifying the sanitary situation of the rural community of Montevideo, in the municipality of Codó, in the state of Maranhão/BR. The research included the socioeconomic characterization of the community through interviews, the installation of the constructed wetland system (SACs) and its evaluation through the monitoring of physical-chemical and bacteriological parameters of raw and treated sewage. The results were promising in the removal of some pollutants, although with variations and the need for future adjustments. Although most residents are unfamiliar with filter garden technology, there is great receptiveness to the implementation of sustainable alternatives for wastewater treatment. The filter garden, using the H. psittacorum plant, has potential as an alternative for treating greywater in rural areas, where the simplicity of construction, low energy demand and use of locally available materials make it particularly interesting for communities with limited resources.