Mercantilização e financeirização da moradia na inflexão ultraliberal: a política de regularização fundiária urbana no Brasil contemporâneo

Abstract

This paper investigated the process of commodification and financialization of housing based on the urban land regularization policy in Brazil in the recent context of ultraliberal inflection. It is assumed that the transformation of the legal paradigm and public policies related to land regularization reflects the interests of capitalist accumulation, especially the real estate market and finance, to the detriment of the right to adequate housing and the city. The research's general objective is to analyze the urban land regularization policy based on the recent neoliberal investigation in the Temer and Bolsonaro governments, highlighting the structural and conjunctural aspects of a political, economic and social order that influenced its formulation, as well as its theoretical-ideological foundations. To this end, the capitalist process of space production is initially configured in view of the economic, social and cultural determinations of Brazilian urbanization, conditioned by the unequal relationship between the periphery and the center in the system. The study also investigates the emergence and consolidation of urban land regularization in Brazilian law as an instrument of housing policy, specifying the foundations of the intervention and the issues involved in the processes, as well as the complexities and contradictions of the implementation experiences. Finally, the land regularization model proposed in MP 759/16 (converted into Law 13,465/17) and implemented in the Land Regularization and Housing Improvement Program is characterized. The methodology adopted was qualitative, with a bibliographic review and documentary analysis of federal legislation and sub-legal regulations related to urban land regularization. The theoretical-methodological approach is based on historical-dialectical materialism, allowing an analysis of public policy integrated into the set of capitalist production relations. The study reveals that in its current formula, urban land regularization prioritizes individual titling and the integration of land into the real estate-financial market, in line with the ultra-liberal agenda. In this process, there is a tendency to abandon the multidimensional approach of “full land regularization”, which articulated legal, urban and social measures, in favor of a commodified approach, facilitating gentrification and the conversion of housing into a financial asset. It is concluded that the recent urban land regularization policy primarily serves the interests of rentier capital, deepening inequality in access to land and the financialization of urban space, in contradiction with the constitutional principles of the right to housing and the social function of property.