DAS REBELIÕES EM PEDRINHAS À TENTATIVA DE RESSOCIALIZAÇÃO: uma análise dos programas e da política penitenciária no Maranhão (2015- 2022)

Abstract

This dissertation analyzes the resocialization programs implemented in the Maranhão prison system between 2015 and 2022. The core objective of the study was to understand how these initiatives impacted the resocialization of individuals who have left the prison system and their influence on reducing criminal recidivism. The research began with a historical perspective on the Brazilian prison system, giving particular attention to the Maranhão context, marked by recent crises and transformations. The Law of Penal Execution and state policies served as the legal framework for the analysis. As its theoretical and methodological foundation, the work utilized Pierre Bourdieu's reflective sociology, employing the concepts of field, habitus, and capital to unveil the social dynamics, power relations, and trajectories of individuals within the prison environment. The methodology combined the analysis of documents and literature with approaches that blend data and experiences, enabling both the evaluation of statistics and the comprehension of the context. Specific programs from the State Secretariat of Penitentiary Administration (SEAP-MA), such as "Rumo Certo" (education) and "Trabalho com Dignidade" (work), were examined. The investigation describes the profile of the incarcerated population in Maranhão, the daily life within prison, the principles of resocialization, and the numerous challenges to its full realization. The study indicates that, although there were significant improvements in the structure and availability of programs during the analyzed period, the capacity of resocialization to effect profound and lasting changes is limited. This is attributed both to issues within the system itself (quality and suitability of actions) and, crucially, to external barriers, such as the strong societal discrimination against those released from prison and the difficult living and working conditions in Maranhão. The conclusion is that, to overcome these challenges, a coordinated effort is necessary that extends beyond the prisons, seeking a genuine connection with broader social inclusion policies. The goal is to achieve sustainable resocialization that helps break the cycle of crime.