Análise Multivariada da Qualidade de Combustíveis Comerciais no Estado do Maranhão

Abstract

The quality of fuels is a crucial factor for engine performance and the mitigation of environmental impacts. In Maranhão, where the distribution of fuels holds great strategic importance, variations in quality can cause significant economic and environmental damage. This study used Multivariate Analysis techniques to evaluate the physicochemical parameters of fuels marketed in Maranhão, employing Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Independent Component Analysis (ICA). The results indicated that PCA was more efficient in separating the diesel groups, showing significant correlations between the proven variations, while ICA showed a lower capacity for distinction. Moreover, the identification of outliers suggested variations in formulation, possible contaminations, or experimental failures. In the case of gasoline, PCA revealed well-defined patterns between common and additive types, indicating that some physicochemical variables are determinants for this differentiation. An analysis of hydrated ethanol using ICA showed a homogeneous behavior, with some discrepant samples, indicating adulteration or inconsistencies in quality. Based on these findings, this work proposes future studies for in-depth results in identifying the most relevant variables, improving analysis techniques, and strengthening the processes of control and inspection of fuel quality not only in the state of Maranhão but also in other regions of the country. In this way, the application of Multivariate Analysis proves to be an effective tool to ensure greater safety, efficiency, and compliance with regulatory standards.