Padrões de comportamentos relacionados aos fatores de risco à saúde modificáveis em pessoas idosas brasileiras: dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde 2013 e 2019

Abstract

Modifiable health risk factors have a fundamental role in the quality of life and well-being of older people and are associated with Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases. However, their prevalence is still assessed more in isolation than in combined patterns of behaviors. This study sought to identify patterns of behaviors related to modifiable health risk factors in Brazilian elderly people ≥60 years and their association with socioeconomic and demographic factors. This is a cross-sectional study using data from the National Health Survey (PNS) carried out in 2013 and 2019. A descriptive analysis was carried out on the variables gender, age, race, schooling, income, marital status and area of residence. Behavioral patterns were defined by Latent Class Analysis (LCA) based on four main domains: smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity and diet. Patterns of behavior were identified in both years and behavior patterns were associated with socioeconomic and demographic variables using adjusted multinomial regression. Five behavioral patterns were identified for 2013 (―Smoking, Inactivity and Inadequate Diet‖, ―Inactivity and Inadequate Diet with Bean Consumption‖, ―Alcohol, Inactivity and Healthy Diet without Vegetable and Vegetable Consumption‖. ―Inactivity and Healthy Eating― and ‗Inactivity and Inadequate Eating with Fish Consumption‘) and five for 2019 (‖Smoking, Alcohol, Inactivity and Inadequate Eating‖, ―Inactivity and Inadequate Eating with Bean Consumption‖, ―Inactivity and Healthy Eating‖, ―Inactivity and Healthy Eating without Fish Consumption‖ and ―Inactivity and Inadequate Eating with Fish Consumption‖). Age, gender, schooling and race were found to be associated with these classes. In the latent classes, there was a predominance of physical inactivity among the elderly, as well as the combination of harmful habits such as unhealthy eating, smoking and alcohol. This study indicates the context of unhealthy ageing in Brazil. Understanding risk behavior patterns and their determinants can help formulate more effective strategies to reduce health inequalities and improve the quality of life and well-being of elderly Brazilians.