Avaliação de microplástico no trato digestório de espécies de peixes no entorno do Complexo Portuário do Itaqui, São Luís – MA

Abstract

The dissertation aimed to analyze the presence of microplastics in the digestive tracts of three fish species — Sciades herzbergii (Pemecou sea catfish), Cynoscion acoupa (Acoupa weakfish), and Mugil curema (white mullet)— considering the relationship between environmental contamination and its impacts on biodiversity, ecosystem functioning, and human health. Initially, a literature review on plastics was conducted, highlighting that these synthetic materials, derived from the polymerization of petroleum and gas-based monomers, have caused serious environmental problems. Plastic fragments, such as microplastics (MPs), defined as particles ranging from 1 μm to 5 mm in size, have been identified as emerging contaminants in aquatic ecosystems, especially in marine environments. These particles can be ingested, inhaled, or absorbed by organisms, leading to bioaccumulation and causing lethal and sublethal effects, such as lesions, digestive tract blockages, reproductive dysfunctions, and even genetic alterations. The research also included the preparation of a scientific article that addressed the occurrence of MPs in fish from different trophic levels, revealing that all analyzed samples contained microplastics in their digestive systems. The study emphasized the importance of continuous monitoring of these contaminants, as well as the need for effective public policies, educational actions, and environmental awareness initiatives. The theme was also linked to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), aiming to promote environmental preservation and improve the quality of life of populations that directly depend on fishery resources.