Saúde mental de adolescentes escolares praticantes e não praticantes de atividade física baseada no futsal

Abstract

Objective: To identify indicators of mental health impairment among practitioners of physical activity in futsal and non-practitioners of physical activity. Materials and Methods: The study followed Resolution 466/12 of the CNS and was approved by the Ethics Committee of HU-UFMA (CAAE 15948719.2.0000.5086). The sample consisted of 60 adolescent students, 30 of whom practiced physical activity in the futsal modality and 30 of whom did not practice it, who fell into the classifications of children and adolescents according to the Statute of Children and Adolescents (ECA). The adolescents answered four questionnaires: a self-administered questionnaire on practice time, the ABEP Socioeconomic Questionnaire, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), and the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). The JAMOVI program was used for statistical analysis, with the Shapiro-Wilk test to assess the normality of the data, which were presented as absolute frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, minimum value, and maximum value of the data. For comparison between groups, Student's t-test and the Mann-Whitney test were used, and Spearman's correlation coefficient test was applied to analyze correlations. Results: Among the 60 students, 30 played futsal and 30 did not. In the group of futsal players, the findings highlighted moderate correlations between stress and anxiety (r = 0.42, p=0.021), stress and ability/difficulty (r = 0.43, p=0.018) and anxiety and ability/difficulty (r = 0.62, p<0.001), evidencing important interactions between these factors in the sports context. On the other hand, in the group of non-practitioners, the correlations between mental health indicators were consistent and moderate, with emphasis on the associations between stress and anxiety (r = 0.60, p<0.001) and depression and ability/difficulty (r = 0.61, p<0.001). Conclusion: Finally, the practice of physical activity based on futsal among schoolchildren is associated with better mental health indicators. Stress, anxiety, and capacity and difficulty were the indicators with the strongest correlations in adolescents who do not practice the sport.