CARACTERIZAÇÃO QUÍMICA E POTENCIAL BIOTECNOLÓGICO DE NANOEMULSÕES ÓLEO-EM-ÁGUA (O/A) INCORPORADAS COM ÓLEO ESSENCIAL DE Dizygostemon riparius

Abstract

Aromatic plants contain essential oils whose properties are often associated with the treatment of diseases and the control of pathogenic organisms. The effectiveness of these EOs stems from the diversity of chemical compounds, which enables active biological applications, many of which have not yet been sufficiently explored. However, some characteristics of EOs, such as their volatility and lipophilicity, hinder their effective use and application, which can be overcome by nanotechnology. The aim of this study was therefore to chemically characterize and evaluate the biotechnological potential of nanoemulsions (O/A) incorporated with essential oil (EO) from Dizygostemon riparius. The EO was obtained by hydrodistillation, and its parameters were analyzed. The nanoemulsion (NEO) was formulated using the phase inversion method. Chemical analysis by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with a flame ionization detector identified 33 constituents in the OE and 24 in the NEO, the main constituents were endo-fenchyl acetate (42.66%, 44.14%), endo-fenchol (34.88%, 37.09%), (E)-caryophyllene (3.22%, 3.34%) and caryophyllene oxide (2.58%, 2.64%). The formulation was characterized as a stable nanoemulsion with a particle size of 94.12 nm, potential ζ -17.14 mV, PDI of 0.29 and pH 4.35. In the toxicity bioassay against A. salina, the EO was considered non-toxic showing a CL50 > 250 mg L- ¹ and its NEO with a CL50 of 24.9 mg L- ¹ can be considered highly toxic. The EO also showed significant minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) antimicrobial activity against all the strains used in the study using the microdilution technique, with concentrations ranging from 7.812 μg mL-1 to 500.0 μg mL-1 . However, its NEO exhibited greater sensitivity to the pathogens: Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Bacillus cereus, with concentrations of 3.12 μg mL-1, 1.56 μg mL-1 , 6.25 μg mL-1 and 6.25 μg mL-1 , respectively. In the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity test, a CE50 of 36.59 μg mL-1 was obtained for the OE and 42.84 μg mL-1 for its NEO. The NOE showed high larvicidal potential with a CL50 at a dose of 13.289 mg L- ¹. The study presented, a comparison between the chemical composition of OE and its NEO, showing the preservation of the majority compounds and a significant part of the constituents, which may be associated with its high potential. In this way, it is estimated that both the OE and the NEO of D. riparius show bioactive behavior, configuring them as alternatives to be considered in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, based on more in-depth investigations into their mechanisms of action.