Azulejo tátil: contribuições da abordagem centrada no ser humano para a inclusão da pessoa com deficiência visual

Abstract

The Historic Center of São Luís, in Maranhão, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, with a rich architectural and urban diversity, one of which in particular is its tiles, with a rich diversity of styles, including Portuguese, Baroque and Modern. The characteristic of the tiles, so present in the city and which gives it the title of "City of Tiles", is a classic example of visual heritage that often cannot be fully appreciated by

people with visual impairments. The research addresses the importance of Human- Centered Design (HCD) in preserving and valuing this heritage, especially in relation

to accessibility for people with visual impairments, using as a central example the city's historic tiles, a cultural icon that, for the visually impaired, often remains misunderstood. The research developed prototypes of tactile graphics, with the aim of representing the characteristics of the tiles in an accessible way. Paper relief models and 3D prints with varied textures were created. Tests were conducted with a representative number of blind people of both sexes, adults, those with congenital blindness, low vision and acquired blindness, and people born in Maranhão and other states. The results showed that the embossed paper prototype was more comfortable and intuitive to the touch, while 3D printing, by creating more complex textures, helped to represent colors in a different way. This work highlights the importance of integrating the active participation of users in the development of design solutions, aiming not only at preserving heritage, but also at inclusion and promoting an accessible experience for all.