Emigração e lápis: os impactos da emigração estudantil brasileira para o Paraguai e a consolidação da atual política bilateral entre esses países

Abstract

Upon analyzing the particularity of Brazilian emigration worldwide, it was found that the only destination for Brazilian emigrants that does not stand out as a developed country is Paraguay (BRASIL, 2021), appearing among the top three destinations for Brazilian emigrants. Although this country is seen as one of the developing economies in Latin America, its economic strength is much lower than that of its neighbors, even with positive growth rates in recent years (ECLAC, 2021). Thus, it is necessary to understand the phenomenon of Brazilian emigration to Paraguay by conducting studies that encompass the forms and possible incentives for this emigration. It is crucial to investigate thoroughly the subject of this study: the impacts of the establishment of the Southern Common Market (MERCOSUL) on the escalation of student emigration over the last 30 years and its relationship with Brazilian foreign policy towards Paraguay. The research is part of the studies on international relations, understanding from the outset the contradictions of the Brazilian emigration phenomenon to Paraguay through the lens of International Relations Studies, aiming to investigate the causes and effects of the Brazilian emigration process to Paraguay, considering the scenario of increasing Brazilian student emigration to the country; and as specific objectives: to analyze the impacts of the creation of the Southern Common Market (MERCOSUL) on the bilateral policy between Brazil and Paraguay and the reflections on the emigration process between these countries; and to assess the current Brazilian emigration process, especially the Brazilian student migration to Paraguay, investigating its causes and impacts. Under the parameter of the dialectical method, an analytical documentary research was conducted, as this method allows a deep analysis of the study object, of an interdisciplinary nature, given that reality dynamically unfolds in the involved countries, and to analyze the Mercosul documents and their impacts on emigration, consolidating the framework of this research in the fields of International Law, Human Geography, and Economics, to understand the singular, particular, and total aspects of the reality analyzed. It concludes that there were impacts through the formalization of guidelines for the economic bloc's Educational Sector in the tightening of relations between Brazil and Paraguay, with student emigration being one of the effects of this dynamic, managing to assess how a bloc still in the Customs Union phase can evolve its institutions in diverse ways to a new stage that characterizes it firmly as a Common Market. Thus, it was observed that the economic bloc had a huge impact on Brazilian emigration to Paraguay as one of the main focuses of change in this flow. It is the duty of educational policy, at the regional level, to centralize discussions about the necessary implementation of the established instruments for accreditation. It is necessary to deepen this content in a computerized format, as it already works, but ensure the necessary strength to dynamize the process of revalidation into a single instrument at the bloc level.