Efeitos do treinamento resistido com banda elástica combinado ao treinamento aeróbico sobre os parâmetros funcionais, hemodinâmicos e autonômico em idosos

Abstract

Vascular aging is commonly associated with the development of cardiocerebral diseases in the elderly, such as coronary artery disease and stroke. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of resistance training (RT) with elastic bands combined with aerobic training (AT) on functional, hemodynamic and autonomic parameters in elderly individuals. This study was defined as a randomized clinical trial. The sample consisted of 30 sedentary elderly individuals of both sexes, randomly divided into Intervention Group (IG; n = 15) and Control Group (CG; n = 15). The assessments and training were carried out at the gym and gymnasium of Ceuma University – São Luís/MA. All individuals underwent assessment of blood pressure, heart rate variability and functional tests before and after 8 weeks of training. The exercise protocol was performed twice a week, totaling 16 sessions. The program consisted of 6 resistance exercises performed with elastic bands, interspersed with squats and without rest intervals between sets and exercises, and at the end the volunteers walked. The CG did not participate in any supervised physical exercise program for 8 weeks. When comparing the pre- and post-intervention moments, improvements were observed in the performance of the five-times sit-to-stand test (9.79 ± 1.78 seconds vs 7.47 ± 1.10 seconds) and in the elbow flexion test (15.9 ± 2.72 repetitions vs 19.6 ± 4.01 repetitions), as well as a significant reduction in systolic blood pressure (136 ± 17.7 mmHg vs 120 ± 10.2 mmHg). However, no improvement was observed in diastolic blood pressure (75.6 ± 9.42 mmHg vs 71.3 ± 8.53 mmHg) and in the autonomic variables SDNN (18.9 ± 6.12 ms vs 20.3 ± 8.08 ms), RMSSD (21.2 ± 7.14 ms vs 22.2 ± 9.86 ms), LF (49.2 ± 16 n.u vs 52.3 ± 19.1 n.u), HF (47.7 ± 19.9 n.u vs 47.5 ± 19.1 n.u) and LF/HF (1.19 ± 0.814 vs 1.67 ± 1.78). Our findings indicate that RT with an elastic band combined with AT improves functional parameters and systolic blood pressure in elderly individuals. These results have an important practical application, since only a short period of intervention was able to promote satisfactory responses in parameters that are extremely important for the health of elderly individuals.