A temática vacinas em livros didáticos de Ciências da Natureza para o Ensino Médio: Olhares no contexto da Educação em Saúde

Abstract

Vaccines are essential for health promotion and diseases prevention practices within the field of Public Health. Therefore, the goal of this research is to investigate the topic about vaccines within textbooks of Natural Sciences for High School in the context of Health Education. The methodology used in this research is of qualitative approach and documental typology. The chosen material for the documental analysis, from the source of Content Analysis by Laurence Bardin, is a collection of six textbooks of Natural Sciences and its Technologies for High School, distributed through the Programa Nacional do Livro e do Material Didático of 2021. As a result, 45 examples were identified within the collection of textbooks, with 32 examples from the Biomedical category, 4 examples from the Behavioral category and 9 examples from the Socioecological category. From the identified examples, there are 9 Graphic Representations with their descriptions in words. The types of graphic representations found within the textbooks are: Illustration; Visual Diagram; and Quantitative Representations. There were not found any representations of Verbal Diagrams about vaccines. The types of vaccines found within the textbooks were: HPV, meningitis, Covid-19, hepatitis B, polio, yellow fever, measles, influenza, anti-rabies, besides the vaccines in development such as genic vaccines against cancer and HIV. Finally, it is important to highlight the greater occurrence of examples identified in the biomedical category. There is a well-structured articulation of the biomedical approach with the behavioral and socioecological approaches, articulating conceptual knowledge of vaccines, the importance of vaccination and health services and research institutes related to vaccines. The way that vacines are presented on textbooks can influence the decisions about personal health and other people health.