CARACTERÍSTICAS AGRONÔMICAS, MORFOGÊNICAS, ESTRUTURAIS E DEMOGRÁFICAS DO CAPIM-MARANDU EM SISTEMAS SILVIPASTORIS E MONOCULTURA NA REGIÃO PRÉ-AMAZÔNICA

Abstract

The objective of this work was to evaluate the agronomic characteristics, morfogenicas and structural, in addition to the tiller density and dynamics of tillering palisadegrass in silvopastoral systems with three densities of palms of babassu and in monoculture. The experiment was conducted in the municipality of de Matinha-MA. The experimental design was a completely randomized design, with the arrangement in split plot design with 6 repetitions for the evaluation of agronomic characteristics and 30 repetitions for the characteristics morfogenicas and structural, and factorial 4x5 being (four densities of palm trees and five generations of tillers and ten repetitions) for demographic characteristics. The plots were composed of the densities (80, 131, 160 adult palm trees/ha) and monoculture and the subplots stations (rainy and dry season). For total production of fodder, leaf production, the density with 80 palm/ha presented values equal and/or higher than the monoculture and the other densities. While that for rate of leaf appearance, phyllochron, leaf elongation rate, rate of elongation of the stem, the results obtained in SSP's during the dry period were higher than the monoculture, while that in the rainy season, the SSP with 131 palm/ha was higher than the other densities and monoculture for the characteristics of rate of leaf appearance and leaf elongation rate. Already for the structural characteristics; the duration of life of leaf did not differ between periods and between treatments, with respect to the final length leaf, in the dry season the system with 160 palm/ha was greater than the monoculture, however, did not differ from other SSP's, for the rainy season, the SSP's showed similar results to monoculture. For the tiller density live, during the rainy season the systems 80 and 131 palm/ha differed from monoculture, however, the system of 131 palm/ha obtained the highest number of tillers killed. For the rate of appearance, the system of 80 palm/ha showed similar results to monoculture and different to other SSP's in generations one, two, three and five. For the mortality rate, the system with 131 palm/ha was the only treatment the highest rate in all generations in relation to monoculture. For the rate of survival, it was observed that the treatment with 160 palm/ha that equated to the results obtained in monoculture in five generations. In relation to the index of stability of tillers, in the first two generations the system with 80 palm/ ha was higher than the other densities, to the following generations the values obtained were equaled. For the volumetric density, in the rainy season, the system of 80 palm/ha was superior to the systems 131 and 160 palm/ha, however, did not differ in monoculture. Silvopastoral Systems with 80 palm/ha of babassu promote higher total production of grass, leaves, stalks and lower rate of senescence, however for some characteristics as TApF, TAIF and CFF pastures with 131 palm/ha had a better performance. Monoculture and SSP with 80 and 131 palm/ha have higher rate of renewal of tissues, with high rates of occurrence and mortality of tillers, resulting in greater tiller density. However, the pasture with 80 and 160 palm/ha and the monoculture showed high survival rates of suckers along the generations as compensation mechanism. Thus, densities of palm trees between 131 and 160 palm/ha can compromise the renewal of the canopy, due to low TApPb.