Padronização dos extratos de Stachytarpheta caynnensis (Rich) Vahl na pesquisa e desenvolvimento de fitoterápicos

Abstract

Validation studies aim to scientifically confirm the therapeutic properties attributed to plant species for their inclusion in the production chain of herbal medicines, with the perspective of offering medication of quality, efficacy, and safety. In the stages of validation of plant species, particular emphasis is placed on standardization studies, which should begin even in the basic research phase with plant material. In this sense, the objective of this work was to carry out a validation study with an emphasis on standardization of extracts from the leaves of Stachytarpheta caynnensis (Rich.) Vahl, family Verbenaceae, known as "gervão," based on chemical, physicochemical, and in vitro biological assays. The results of this thesis are presented in two chapters. Chapter 1 is a review article of the species Stachytarpheta caynnensis (Rich.) Vahl, focusing on ethnobotany, ethnopharmacology, biological activity, chemical composition, and toxicity aspects; conducted on databases (Biological Abstracts, Chemical Abstracts, Medline, Lilacs, Web of Science, Science Direct, PubMed), demonstrating biological activity as wound healer, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, hypoglycemic, gastric protector, among others; with isolated compounds such as: verbascoside, martynoside, betulinic acid, Nnenoside B; but with the need for further research due to the scarcity of clinical studies. Chapter 2 comprises a standardization study of extracts from Stachytarpheta caynnensis, to define the best extraction procedure (assisted maceration by ultrasound, percolation, and extraction in a Soxhlet apparatus) and hydromodule ratios (1:6 and 1:8) with Stachytarpheta caynnensis leaves, according to polyphenol and flavonoid content, chromatographic profile, and antioxidant, antimicrobial, biofilm production inhibition, and cytotoxicity activities. The best results were obtained with maceration in a 1:6 hydromodule for chemical, antimicrobial, and biofilm production inhibition evaluations. In the antiproliferative evaluation, the most effective extract was from the Soxhlet apparatus with a 1:8 hydromodule, thus allowing the standardization of the species' extracts for the continuity of in vivo studies, given the relevance of the efficacy results in the models employed.