Violência no namoro, regras de masculinidade e habilidades sociais: um estudo com adolescentes

Abstract

Adolescence is considered a phase of life marked by physical, behavioral and social changes. Studies point to a high incidence of dating violence (DV) between intimate partners, even at this stage of the relationship. However, the theoretical-practical field ofSocial Skills (SS) has presented research that demonstrates that a good SS repertoire helpsin satisfying and lasting relationships, while deficits are associated with conflicts. Thus, the general objective of this study wasto analyze the relation between DV, the rules aboutmasculinity and the HS repertoire. As specific objectives: to identify DV index, verify the influence of social rules about masculinity, characterize the SS repertoire, and compare SS, DV and masculinity rules between gender groups (male and female) and type of education (public or private). 46 adolescents participated, 20 males (43.48%) and26 females (56.52%). The mean age of participants was 15.9 years, standard deviation (sd) 1.15. It is noteworthy that 52.17% of the sample was made up of adolescent studentsfrom private schools and 47.83% from public schools. For data collection, the Inventoryof Conflicts in Dating Relationships among Adolescents, the Scale of Meanings of Masculinity for Adolescents and the Inventory of Social Skills for Adolescents - IHSA were used. The main results indicated a low level of DV (mean 5.34, sd 5.49), low level of agreement with masculinity rules (mean 4.19, sd 5.02) and elaborate HS repertoire (mean score 90.95, sd 37.24). In about the relations between the variables, no significantcorrelations were identified considering the general scores. On the other hand, the analyzes by factors of the instruments showed positive correlations, from moderate to strong, between non abusive/positive behaviors with all the factors of the IHSA, abusivepartner behaviors with masculinity rules of emotional restriction. Moderate negative correlations were also identified between empathy and masculinity rules in general and heterosexism. As for the comparison analyses, significant differences were found considering the type of education (public and private), which was that private school students emit less abusive behavior as well as a partner compared to public school students, private school students tend to agree less with masculinity rules and present a more elaborate SS repertoire. The data suggest that social vulnerability factors can be considered risk factors for the occurrence of DV in adolescents. Intervention programs are indicated, such as Social Skills training programs and the implementation of pedagogical practices that discuss themes such as: diversity, inclusion and gender equalityas protective factors. These practices can influence the establishment of non-abusive behaviors in affective-sexual relationships, contributing to the interruption of the intergenerational nature of violence and change in coercive cultural practices.