Polimorfismo rs1801282 do gene PPAR-Gamma-2 e fatores comportamentais em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica

Abstract

Obesity is a multifactorial chronic disease characterized by weight gain resulting from an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure There are hypotheses about the origin of obesity such as genetic predisposition and exposure to obesogenic factors or endocrine disruptors. The present work is a prospective cohort study that sought to evaluate the relationship between behavioral factors and the polymorphism of the PPAR-Gamma-2 gene (rs1801282) in patients undergoing bariatric surgery in a private hospital in the city of São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil. Methods: Patients had genetic material collected before surgery, and anthropometric and biochemical data collected before and 12 months after surgery. The assessment of behavioral and environmental factors was carried out by applying a questionnaire by the researcher himself. Results: Males had a higher body mass index (BMI) than women (p=0.02) and the Bypass surgical technique was the most used in males (p=0.009). The assessment of obesogenic environmental factors revealed risk behaviors such as high consumption of fast and junk food, a tendency towards high-calorie and ultra-processed food choices, a low level of nutritional information and a sedentary lifestyle. The rs1801282 polymorphism had a similar frequency between men and women and was not associated with the occurrence of the comorbidities arterial hypertension, type II diabetes and hepatic steatosis. There was no statistically significant difference in anthropometric measurements between men and women carrying the polymorphic gene (Pro/Pro) and the wild homozygotes (Pro/Ala). The presence of polymorphism was more present in those individuals who believed in family influence on eating habits and the development of obesity. Conclusion: The rs1801282 polymorphism of the PPAR-Gamma-2 gene was not associated with anthropometric measurements and the occurrence of comorbidities. The factors that most influenced weight loss were: changes in individual habits, reduced consumption of fast food and junk food, increased physical activity, decreased link between food and happiness and reward, greater recognition of satisfaction and less feeling of guilt about food.