Associação do sedentarismo e obesidade parental a fatores de risco cardiovascular

Abstract

Objective: To analyze the association of parental behavior (sedentary lifestyle and obesity) on the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. The sample was selected from public and private schools, including participants aged 10 to 14 years and their parents. To assess physical activity levels, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), short version, was applied. Anthropometric measurements, such as waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and hip circumference, were obtained using a measuring tape. The Waist-to-Hip Ratio (WHR) was calculated by dividing the waist measurement by the hip measurement. Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated based on weight and height measurements, with consideration of the weight-for-age growth curve in children. Ten milliliters of blood were collected for biochemical analysis, including serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol levels. Statistical analysis involved tests of normality (Shapiro-Wilk) for quantitative variables, presenting mean and standard deviation or median and interquartile range, depending on the distribution. Categorical variables were presented in absolute and relative frequency. Correlations between variables were assessed using Spearman's correlation for non- normally distributed data and Pearson's linear correlation for normally distributed data. Associations between categorical variables were tested with Fisher's exact test. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05, with a confidence level of 95%. The Jamovi (version 2.3.17) and GraphPad Prism 9.0 programs were used for all statistical analyses. Results: The study sample consisted of 45 parents and 45 children residing in the urban area of Pinheiro, Maranhão. The results revealed positive and significant correlations between parental and child Fat Mass (r = 0.35; p = 0.0163) as well as between parental and child Body Mass (r = 0.47, p = 0.0012). Furthermore, a significant correlation in Waist Circumference was observed between parents and children (r = 0.4286; p = 0.0033). Regarding lipid levels, parents had higher triglyceride levels compared to children (p = 0.0001). Lipid correlation analyses revealed a significant association between Total Cholesterol (r = 0.39; p = 0.0076) and LDL (r = 0.64; p = 0.0001) in parents and children. Parental physical activity level was not significantly associated with children's physical activity level (p = 0.35) but showed an association with children's nutritional stage (p = 0.0001) and physical activity level (p = 0.03). Parental total cholesterol serum levels were strongly associated with children's total cholesterol (p = 0.003) and triglyceride (p = 0.03) serum levels. Conclusion: There are correlations between parental and child anthropometric measures, as well as associations related to lipid levels and physical activity. The promotion of healthy habits and awareness of cardiovascular risk factors within the family should be emphasized to prevent diseases in this context.