Análise espaço-temporal dos agravos do sistema respiratório no município de São Luís-MA

Abstract

The occurrences of respiratory diseases stand out in this research, as they are directly related to urban dynamics and the products generated therefrom, such as the lack of air quality. The general objective focuses on investigating the spatial and temporal distribution of records of respiratory problems in the city of São Luís-MA. The hypothetical-deductive method was used, which goes from identifying the problem to analyzing the information, leading us to obtain inference only through measurable data. Secondary data on respiratory diseases were obtained from the Hospital Admissions Authorization (AIH) information base, available at the electronic address of the Unified Health System Information Department (DATASUS), from 2008 to 2018, with the International Classification of Disease - ICD-10 J00 to J99. Data on the motor vehicle fleet were accessed through the official IBGE website and information on air quality parameters through the State Secretariat for Industry and Commerce - SEINC. Furthermore, geoprocessing tools were applied in the Qgis software, version 3.16, to perform data spatialization, using the Kernel density technique, with the purpose of representing thematic maps. After completing the spatial analysis stages, it was noted that in the city of São Luís there are two areas that present conditions that are intensely unfavorable to health: the first is located in the industrial sector of the city called DISAL and the second is located up around the city center. Also carrying out statistical analyzes when correlating respiratory diseases and possible factors for illness. For this stage, the statistical technique of linear regression was chosen, noting that natural factors, that is, climatic variables, have a significant relationship with the occurrence of airway diseases. Furthermore, it was identified that a large part of the total number of mobile pollution sources explains the variation in respiratory tract illness. In view of this, it is possible to state that the two main paths that we can take to achieve success in the fight for better air quality conditions concern monitoring and awareness, given that the other actions come from these, as an alert and indicates the critical points of the city and the other, promotes a transformation of mentality, which culminates in changes in daily attitudes, aiming to obtain better environmental conditions to maintain the population's quality of life.