Estudo farmacobotânico e biospropecção de atividades biológicas de Gallesia integrifolia (Spreng). Harms

Abstract

The present work aimed to carry out a pharmacobotanical study and bioprospecting of the biological activities of Gallesia integrifolia (Spreng). Harms. The dissertation was divided into three chapters, to demonstrate, through three different productions, the conduct of the study carried out with the species. In the first chapter, the main works published to date were mapped, resulting in the “state of the art” of the species, indicating the composition, different uses, applications, and characteristics of G. integrifolia. In the second chapter, the morphological characteristics, and the anatomical study of transverse and paradermal sections of the median region of the leaves were described, the phytochemical profile was also evaluated, identifying the secondary metabolites present in the crude hydroalcoholic (EBH) and aqueous (EAQ) extracts. In the third chapter, a bioprospective study of the biological activities of G. integrifolia was carried out: The antioxidant activity was determined through the scavenging of DPPH and ABTS+ radicals, anti-inflammatory evaluation by albumin protein denaturation and the determination of: Microbicidal Concentration and Minimum Inhibitory (CMM and MIC) against standard and clinical samples of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans, as well as in vitro toxicity through hemolysis in human erythrocytes, cytotoxicity in RAW 264.7 macrophages, assay in Artemia salina and in vivo in Tenebrio molitor. The morphology and anatomy demonstrated specific characteristics that enable the correct identification of the species. The extracts showed the presence of phenols, tannins, and flavonoids of the types: flavones, xanthones and flavonols. The antioxidant activity by DPPH and ABTS+ in EBH demonstrated IC50: 0.04365 and 0.02762 mg/ml respectively, and the EAQ IC50: 0.04076 and 0.03696 mg/ml. Anti-inflammatory activity, EAQ and EBH presented IC50: 0.02952 and 0.14097mg/ml respectively. Regarding the antimicrobial activity of both extracts, EAQ was classified as bactericidal against E. coli and EBH as bacteriostatic against S. aureus. Regarding toxicity, the concentration necessary to cause hemolysis was 403.847 mg/mL (EBH) and 3535.626 mg/ mL (EAQ). Cytotoxicity in RAW 264.7 macrophages classified both extracts as moderately toxic only at the highest concentrations (0.5 and 0.25 mg/ml). Toxicity against A. salina, EAQ was considered non-toxic and EBH moderately toxic. In tests with T. molitor, both extracts did not demonstrate toxicity at the concentrations tested. This study corroborates the potential of the biological activities of G. integrifolia for the development of medicines and biological products.