Efeito cardiovascular das saponinas extraídas das folhas de Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading causes of death in the world and the search for new medicines that can ensure the treatment of diseases such as hypertension, for example, are becoming more frequent. Among the compounds investigated are products of plant origin that present classes of metabolites with pharmacological potential on the cardiovascular system. Saponins, class of plant origin, are amphiphilic molecules that have been seen as a prominent source of compounds with beneficial activity to the cardiovascular system. The present study evaluated the pharmacological potential of saponins extracted from leaves of Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels in the cardiovascular system of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). SHR male were treated for a period of 15 days with a rich fraction of S. cumini (FRS) 10 mg / kg / day / week saponins. and FRS 50 mg / kg / day / v.o. The results demonstrated that FRS was able to reduce blood pressure of SHRs, promote a reduction of arrhythmic events such as atrioventricular block and act on peripheral vascular resistance in resistance arteries, causing the decrease of noradrenaline-induced contraction in treated SHR animals with the highest dose. The vasorelaxation mechanisms were also evaluated in mesenteric artery rings. FRS was able to promote the vasorelaxing effect and block the contraction induced by extracellular calcium. With the results presented, it is concluded that FRS appears to act by blocking the influx of calcium and promoting cardioprotection, being therefore a prominent agent with potential antihypertensive effect and in cardiovascular disorders.