Cidade de Migalhas: institucionalidades e articulações na operacionalização das políticas urbanas em Rosário-Maranhão (2018-2021)

Abstract

Considering that the Brazilian municipal reality has always been marked by issues that involved its destinies, especially of the central power, the 1988 Constitution, at first, committed itself to changing this destiny, however, the passing of the decades showed a complex reality where municipal protagonism faces even greater challenges when compared to its previous subordinations. With their new configurations idealized under a decentralizing perspective, where their actions would assure them, through a set of constructed institutionalities and in a constant process of changes, the autonomies necessary to hypothetically solve their daily problems, while the other entities worry about demands called macro and more structural. In this new model, institutionalities inevitably suffer from the processes of democratic articulation, the result of the dynamics between strategic subjects and social subjects that, as we will see, are of paramount importance for the analyzed dynamics. In this scenario, public policies and social policies began to be constituted as the maximum actions and the proof test for the decentralized autonomy of municipalities, which, in short, and as it was perceived in the course of the theme, face numerous limitations in this regard. For the understanding of these conditions, Rosário, a municipality contributed in the state of Maranhão in the Northeast Region of Brazil, presents itself as an ideal background for understanding the challenges faced by the vast majority of poor municipalities in the country regarding a specific public policy, that of urban development. It is from this municipality that we are exposed to local precariousness, regarding its public management in the operational capacity of urban issues, especially organizational and fiscal, the latter of extreme vitality for the consolidation of these and the local well-being. From these perspectives, this dissertation research, promoted for the Master in Public Policies at the Federal University of MaranhãoUFMA, entitled “City of Crumbs: institutionalities and articulations in the implementation of urban policies in Rosário-MA (2018-2021)” sought to understand the municipal public management regarding the execution of these policies through objectives that provided him with knowledge of issues related to the essence of the Federative Pact, highlighting the common and private prerogatives of the federal entities, in the context of competition and cooperation relations; identify existing conditions in municipalities both administrativeoperational and technical, both administrative-operational and technical, structural and informational, and understand the projects of society that circulate and are expressed in the predominant conceptions of state, government and society that are at the base of the relationships built between the federated entities and mainly within the municipalities. Marked by a theoretical-methodological action, based on the institutionalities and articulations observed in Rosário, objective reflections were constituted on municipal management and how the production process and especially the operationalization of policies, such as urban ones, are highly organic and polarized, as these actions approach political, economic and/or social biases. In this sense, qualitative analyzes obtained during the research about these elements and the social perspectives of the agents involved in the execution process of urban policies in Rosário were significant for the understanding of the real needs that give shelter to the poverty and the existing inequality in the local political entities, in terms of scarcity and dependence on the resources that make up the municipal public fund for these policies. With its analyses concluded, the dissertation, based on its objectives and its methodology, delivers a lean, reflective and critical analysis of the proposed theme, however not limited to a rigid finalization about the interpretation of the Brazilian municipal reality regarding the operationalization of urban public policies through local public management observed there in Rosário-MA.