Niilismo: Aproximações da diferença entre Dostoiévski e Nietzsche

Abstract

The aim of this research is to analyze the approximations of the difference in nihilism in Dostoevsky and Nietzsche. To this do so, we follow the following steps: first, we investigate the ideas of nihilism presented by Dostoevsky from the Raskólnikov characters of Crime and Punishment, Kiríllov of The Demons and Ivan Karamazov of The Karamazov brothers; then we investigate the multiple faces of nihilism that appear in evidence in nietzschianas works, The gaia science, Thus spoke Zarathustra, Genealogy of Morals, Twilight of idols, The Antichrist and Will of Power; and finally, we examine the approximations of the difference between Nietzsche and Dostoevsky regarding the conception of nihilism conceived by these two authors. As methodology, we used the hermeneutic-philosophical approach method with comparative procedure and bibliographic instrument. Thus, this research allowed us to understand the Dostoyevsky proposal of condemning nihilism, demonstrating its flaws and failures in the attempts to overcome presented by its nihilist characters, we also understand that the only possible way out of nihilism, according to the writer, is Christianity; in Nietzsche, we note that his proposal is to radicalise nihilism until the destruction of all values so that new values can be created below; thus, while Dostoevsky wants to affirm Christianity as the way out of nihilism, Nietzsche condemns Christianity and claims that Christianity is a nihilistic religion.