CESARIANA E PESO AO NASCER ESTÃO ASSOCIADOS COM O QUOCIENTE DE INTELIGÊNCIA EM ADOLESCENTES E ADULTOS JOVENS?

Abstract

Objective: This thesis aimed to analyze the association between cesarean section and birth weight on the IQ of adolescents and young adults. According to the objectives of the thesis, the first article analyzed the association between birth by cesarean section and IQ in adolescents and the second article analyzed the association between birth weight and IQ in adolescents and young adults. Method: This is a longitudinal study involving the birth cohorts of São Luís - MA, started in 1997/1998 and Ribeirão Preto -SP, started in 1994, where socioeconomic, demographic and perinatal variables from the first phase of the research were used and socioeconomic and IQ variables in the third phase, in 2016. The sample consisted of 613 adolescents aged 18 and 19 years, participants of the cohort of São Luís - MA and 324 young adults aged 20 and 21 years, participants of the cohort from Ribeirão Preto - SP. As a data analysis method, multivariate linear regression was used. To identify the adjustment variables, a theoretical model was carried out based on the available world literature and the Directed Acyclic Diagram – DAG was used, the adjustment variables for the first article were: prenatal consultation, maternal education, maternal age, location of childbirth, maternal occupation, parity, income at birth and maternal smoking and for the second article were: maternal education, maternal age, gestational age, maternal occupation, income at birth, maternal smoking and marital status. Results: In the first article of the thesis, the highest IQ averages were present in adolescents with mothers with more than 12 years of study (113.7 ± 12.9), income with more than three minimum wages (103.9 ± 12.7 ) and non-manual workers (107.8±13.4). In the unadjusted analysis, adolescents born by cesarean section had an increase of 5.8 points in IQ (95%CI: 3.8-7.7), with statistical significance (p=<0.001*) and in the adjusted analysis, the IQ value of adolescents born by cesarean section reduced to 1.9 (95% CI: -0.2 to 4.1) without statistical significance (p=0.141). In the second article of the thesis, the highest birth weight averages were with mothers with more than 12 years of study (3.3±0.5) (3.2± 0.7) and with six or more prenatal consultations (3.2±0.5) (3.1±0.7) in adolescents and young adults, respectively. In the unadjusted analysis, birth weight increased the IQ of adolescents by 1.7 (95%CI: -0.3-3.7) points and by 3.0 (95%CI: 1.2-4.7) points the IQ of young adults. In the adjusted analysis, the increase in birth weight increased by 1.3 (95%CI: -0.7-3.3) (p=0.102) in adolescents and 1.0 (95%CI: -1.9-3, 9) (p=0.206) in young adults, without statistical significance. The result of the study showed that cesarean delivery and birth weight are not associated with IQ in this sample and reflects that the differences found can be explained by other factors, such as socioeconomic aspects.