Otimização de desempenho de turbina tipo hélice de eixo horizontal em função de uma modelagem integrada e de estratégia híbrida de MPPT

Abstract

This work had as research objective the study of mathematical models applied to the optimization of blades and the performance analysis of Horizontal Axis Helix Turbines without Diffuser (TTHEH) and with Diffuser (TTHEHD), working together with a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (GSIP) and power converter, for an optimized integration (fluid dynamics, mechanics and electrical) of the energy conversion system. These models related to turbine rotors were based on the classic Blade Element Moment Theory (BEMT). The modeling proposed in this work was developed from the classic BEMT with the addition of complementary corrections for tip and root losses, for high values of the axial induction factor and for high angle of attack. Complementary correction methods were exhaustively researched in the literature and included in the BEMT in order to better simulate small, medium and large turbines. These corrections contributed to better represent the performance of these turbines. One of the work's approaches was based on using the proposed modeling for both wind and hydrokinetic turbines, since there is similarity between the types of turbines under study: horizontal axis propeller type. The main difference between these turbines is the specific property of each fluid type. The validation of the proposed modeling was carried out from the study of two small turbines, one wind and the other hydrokinetic, and four wind turbines of the MOD-X series of the order of 100 kW to 7.3 MW of the North American agency National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The study for calculating the optimal blade geometry was derivated based on BEMT. The power converter used was a back-to-back type, in which the pulse width modulated converter (PWM) on the generator side was designed with a power signal feedback strategy for maximum point of power tracking (MPPT). The main contributions of this research observed from the results are: i) it ensures wide application for small, medium and large horizontal axis propeller turbines, since the models found in the literature are implemented and adjusted for a specific power range turbine, not being able to be used generically; ii) fast processing for performance analysis; iii) simple implementation when compared to those with computational numerical modeling, which demand a higher computational burden and are more complex to simulate; and iv) avoids the need for high-performance computers, which demand investment.