Estudo da arte e bioprospecção química e das atividades antioxidante, antibacteriana contra Staphylococcus e toxicidade de Musa sapientum Linn

Abstract

Staphylococcus spp. they are opportunistic and emerging pathogens, causing various health problems, from acne to pneumonia and have already shown resistance to several antibiotics, including those used as first choice in the treatment of infections. Aiming to reduce the resistance of bacteria, several studies with products with a complex composition have been tested, such as plant extracts. The peel of the fruit of Musa sapientum, popularly called banana, is a by-product of the food industry that may be of interest in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. In view of the above, this work aimed to carry out a study of the art and evaluate the chemical composition and antibacterial activity, antioxidant, and toxicity of the fruit peel of M. sapientum. This work is divided into 3 chapters. Chapter 1 describes the data collection on the importance of reusing waste, involving food processing, including fruits, and highlighting the importance of reusing the by-products of this commercial activity. In Chapter 2, there is an integrative review of M. sapientum (banana) as potential for drug development. The review was carried out in the databases: Pubmed, Google Scholar, Periodicals CAPES and ScienceDirect, using as descriptors: Musa sapientum, biological activity. The results showed that this species has a varied phytochemical profile and several proven biological activities, such as antibacterial activity. In chapter 3, you will find the experimental part of the work, where the species under study was collected in the state of Maranhão, in January 2022 and registered in the Maranhão Herbarium of the Federal University of Maranhão. From the fresh bark, the crude hydroalcoholic extract of M. sapientum (EBHMS) was prepared by maceration with 70% ethanol, at a ratio of 1:10, for 10 days, under daily agitation. The EBHMS was submitted to phytochemical analysis by Matos methodology (2009) and chemical analysis by HPLC-MS. Antioxidant activity (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl [DPPH] method) and antibacterial activity were evaluated by agar diffusion techniques using the well and disc method, and by microdilution to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal (MBC) against three strains of Staphylococcus. Toxicity was determined through tests with A. salina and human red blood cells. The plant species presented different secondary metabolites, such as: phenols, tannins, flavonoids and saponins. In HPLC, it was possible to identify 10 compounds, all belonging to the phenolic class, being 9 flavonoids and one phenolic acid. The antioxidant effect of EBHMS was observed with the efficient concentration (EC50) of 0.08501±0.0002256g/mL to inhibit DPPH. EBHMS showed the ability to inhibit the growth of all samples tested by agar diffusion using the disc method, with the largest inhibition halo against S. aureus (12.5±0.7mm) as well as the well method (10±1 .4mm). There was only MIC (0.00078125g/mL) and MBC (bacteriostatic action) for S. epidermidis. The lethal concentration (LC50) against A. salina was 0.03801604g±0.03641792g and the efficient concentration (EC50) for hemolytic activity was 0.05704±0.00263g/mL. Thus, it is noted that the fruit studied has characteristics that can help and direct the development of pharmacologically active products, making it possible to eliminate a large part of the by-product of the exploitation of this plant species.