“ZOONOSES E ACIDENTES COM ANIMAIS PEÇONHENTOS NO MUNICÍPIO DE SÃO LUÍS, MA: Aspectos socioeconômicos e ambientais”

Abstract

Considered as a public health problem of Neglected Tropical Diseases, zoonoses and accidents caused by venomous animals - AAP, are responsible for a considerable number of injuries to the world population. Both zoonoses and AAP occur prominently in the North and Northeast regions of Brazil, with the state of Maranhão being significantly inserted in this context, including the capital São Luís do Maranhão. Associated with this scenario, the accelerated process of unplanned urbanization, the intense degradation of natural resources and the growing socioeconomic and environmental pressures, potentiate the cases of zoonoses and AAP, notably in the most vulnerable communities. The objective of this research is to analyze the dynamics of zoonoses cases, specifically Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL), and accidents with venomous animals in the city of São Luís, associating them with socio-environmental indicators and generating subsidies for the formulation of public policies, helping in improving the population's quality of life. To this end, data from cases registered in the Disease Information System - SINAN between the years 2017 to 2020 referring to the Sanitary Districts (DS) of São Luís, made available by the Superintendence of Sanitary Surveillance of the Municipal Secretariat - SEMUS, were analyzed. were correlated with nine socioeconomic indicators: per capita income, garbage collection, sanitation, population density, degree of urbanization, clandestine dumps, exposed soil, green area and mangrove area. The results showed that, of the 2,099 registered cases of Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) in the four years studied, 2018 was the year with the highest number of cases of Canine VL and 2017 was the year with the highest number of cases of Human VL, and among the seven Health Districts, the one with the highest incidence of Human VL was Tirirical. Men are the most affected by VL, and in both genders, the age group with the highest record was between 35-49 years. The urban area concentrates the largest number of cases. Regarding the indicators, those that were related to VL both in dogs and humans were per capita income, population density, degree of urbanization, clandestine dumps that presented the highest concentration of VL. As for the AAP, of the 296 accidents, the Vila Esperança DS had the highest number of records, the age group between 20-34 had the highest rate, and as for the vector, accidents with snakes are in greater number, with the area urban population with the highest records and men are the most victimized by AAP. It was observed at a descriptive level that the significant occurrence of accidents caused by venomous animals in São Luís being most in the areas of greater urban occupation and concentrated in areas where most people with low income live, close to clandestine dumps and with great proximity demographic. The association between the VL and the AAP with the socio-environmental indicators will allow the creation of mitigating and control measures, enabling the subsidy for the generation of public policies regarding the confrontation of these diseases and injuries, with possible diagnoses, treatments and prevention.