Análise da distribuição espacial de óbitos por doença renal crônica/COVID- 19, Brasil, 2020-2021

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is considered a comorbidity that represents a risk factor for complications from COVID-19, associated with high mortality rates worldwide. The objective of this study was to analyze the spatial distribution of deaths from CKD/COVID-19 in the adult population in Brazil in the years 2020-2021. This dissertation presents a theoretical discussion around the epidemiology of COVID-19 and its relationship with CKD, points out characteristics of the information system on mortality (SIM) and the fundamentals of spatial analysis, together with a bibliographic survey on mortality from COVID-19 in this methodology. This is an ecological study of deaths from CKD/COVID-19 in Brazil that occurred in 2020 and 2021, recorded in the SIM. The study describes deaths from CKD/COVID-19 reported in the country, presenting a descriptive analysis of the data, including predictive imputation due to incompleteness of the database used, calculations of proportional mortality by cause and also by total deaths, and spatial visualization of the findings distributed across Brazilian federative units, in all their context using R software tools. In 2020 there were 36.604 deaths from CKD in adults, and of these, 9.6% with COVID-19. In 2021, deaths from CKD reached 39,391, of which 5.614 (14.2%) had a record of COVID-19. Deaths from CKD/COVID-19 were more frequent in men, people aged 60 to 79 years, elementary schooling level, race/brown color, and married marital status, in both years of study. The proportional mortality rates by cause and the proportional mortality rates by deaths were heterogeneous among the states, with emphasis on the states in the North region, which had the highest proportions during the two years studied, while there was a decrease in the states in the Northeast region in 2021 . It is worth noting the proportional increase in deaths from CKD/COVID-19 in the country in 2021 compared to 2020.