Indicadores de sustentabilidade ambiental urbana: enfoque na urbanização da Laguna da Jansen, São Luís, Maranhão

Abstract

For a long time, the lack of knowledge about the finitude of environmental resources motivated their exploitation without due importance to the ecological balance. Globalization processes, in line with the capitalist model of economy, use natural resources as a source of raw material for industries, without observing their renewal capacity, producing environmental imbalance, notably in industrial and urban areas, motivating the search for society for a better quality of life. The urbanization of the surroundings of Laguna da Jansen, in the city of São Luís, constitutes one of the serious environmental problems that occur in the area, driven by the disorderly occupation of its edge and surroundings. The objective of this work is to analyze the urban sustainability indicators formulated and used in the monitoring of actions aimed at achieving sustainable development in the space under analysis, based on the legislation pertinent to the subject, in particular the Federal Constitution of 1988, State Law No. 4,878/88 (transformed the lagoon into a State Ecological Park) and State Law 9,413/2011 (reclassified the Laguna State Ecological Park as an area of environmental preservation – APA). A qualitative approach was applied to secondary sources in an integrative manner, involving publications and documents found on official websites that operate in the studied segment, and observations of primary sources, with the aim of contributing to understanding and proposing the solution of the identified problems. As a theoretical guide for the research, it is worth highlighting the following authors: José Afonso da Silva, Luís Paulo Sirvinskas, Milton Santos, Thiers Fabricio Santos, Washington Luís Campos Rio Branco, Yata Anderson Gonzaga Massulo, among others. The research is relevant insofar as the themes related to the environmental sustainability of urbanization processes are of paramount importance for the preservation of the environmental balance, including ecologically correct human actions as a way of meeting the current needs of human beings without jeopardize the future of future generations.