Distribuição espaço-temporal da Leishmaniose Visceral no Brasil no Período de 2007 a 2020

Abstract

Introduction: Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is an important public health problem, being among the most prevalent endemic diseases in the world. In the Brazilian scenario, it is in an expansion process and is linked to several factors, among them, the epidemiological changes that have occurred over the years. Methods: Ecological study of the spatial pattern of VL cases that occurred in Brazil from 2007 to 2020. Data were collected from the Disease Information and Notification System-SINAN, the variables used were the VL incidence coefficient and the Composite Index of Visceral Leishmaniasis-ICLV and three-year thematic maps were made. The Global Moran Index (I) was calculated to verify the existence of spatial autocorrelation and the Local Moran Index (Ii) to delineate areas of higher and lower risk for illness from VL in Brazil. Results: During the study period, there were 48,705 cases of VL and an incidence of 25.53 cases/100,000 inhab. In all three-year blocks there was spatial autocorrelation and municipalities in the North and Northeast regions with an incidence equal to or greater than 50 cases/100,000 inhab. With regard to ICLV, there was an increase in the number of municipalities considered at low risk of transmission and a growing number of capitals with a very intense risk classification. Conclusion: The data presented allowed delineating the epidemiological scenario of VL cases in Brazil from 2007 to 2020. Similar to the high-risk clusters, the border region between the states of Tocantins, Maranhão and Pará, in addition to Ceará, stood out in the spatial distribution of ICLV. These locations should be considered a priority in terms of public policies aimed at VL control and prevention.